Vernalization required to induce flowering in rosettes of garlic mustard (<i>Alliaria petiolata</i>)

Abstract Garlic mustard [ Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara &amp; Grande] is an invasive Brassicaceae species native to Europe. As obligate biennials, A. rosettes require a sufficient length of cold during the winter flower following spring. such, mild temperatures could limit species’ potential western and southern distribution in North America. The goal this research was characterize vernalization period required for develop capacity flower. objectives were: (1) confirm whether flower; (2) define base upper that satisfy requirement under field conditions; (3) determine flowering calculate chilling degree days (CDD) accumulated period; (4) common garden, collected from northern ranges its America probability increases as accumulate CDD. This relationship defined by binary logistic (logit) function, with maximum −3 4 C, respectively. regression equation model predicted 68 120 CDD would result 50% 99% flowering, respectively, across all locations. Rosettes five different seed sources varied when grown garden. originating Croatia source flowered after exposure fewer than those Scotland. In America, seeds Arkansas were more likely Ohio or Minnesota. Our results may be used predict